What does a distributor do?
A distributor purchases goods from a manufacturer, importer, or another distributor. And sells those goods to customers. For example, in a wholesaler's or retail shop. A distributor can also combine several roles. Your role or roles determine which safety requirements you have to meet.
Use the decision tree to determine your role per product.
1. Check whether the product has a technical file
Each product you sell within the European Union (EU) must have a technical file (dossier). In it, the manufacturerdescribes how the product meets the product safety requirements. Check with the manufacturer or the importer of the product whether the technical file exists. Do so before you market the product. Preferably, request a copy of the file, or the right to access the file digitally.
Read more about the requirements for the technical file.
2. Check whether the product complies with the EU regulations (conformity)
You are not allowed to offer products for sale if you do not know whether they are safe or not. This means you have to know about product requirements, so that you can check whether your product meets the product safety requirements. This is called conformity.
You as distributor must be able to prove that you have done your utmost to check a product's conformity. Are you planning to start selling a new product?
Then always check these requirements:
CE marking means that the product complies with the EU requirements for safety, health, and environment. Not all products have to have CE marking. Check whether your product has to have CE marking on the EU website.
It is your responsibility to check whether the products you sell are safe. And whether they meet the legal requirements.
Hire help from a consultant
You need specialist knowledge for this step. You can hire a (commercial) consultant to help you meet all the requirements. For example, a consultant or consultant's agency can check whether the manufacturer's technical file is correct and complete.
The product must contain a label with information about the product and its origin. That information must be correct, so that the consumer may safely use the product. The information must be written in the language of the country where the product is sold, and it must be easy to understand.
The information is also important for inspectorates and supervising authorities. In case there are problems with a product, the supervising authority can use the label to find out where it comes from. And take measures to take an unsafe product off the market, for example. Or even recall it from the end-user.
The label must contain at least this information:
- the name, trade name, or trademark of the manufacturer and of the importer, if the product was imported
- the type number, batch number or serial number (or another means of identification)
- the manufacturer's contact details, and those of the importer, if the product was imported
- warnings or (required) markings needed for safe use of the product.
Is it impossible to fit the information on the product or the label? For example, because the product is too small? Then you may put the information on the packaging. Or insert a leaflet in the package.
Does the technical file mention specific product requirements? Then you must check whether the product meets these. For example, a user manual in easy to understand language is required for many products.
Have you checked the conformity requirements in this step? Then you may start to sell the product. Go to step 4. Do you doubt the product's safety? Go to step 3.
To which countries do these rules apply?
The information on this page gives a general overview of EU product safety legislation. It applies to the European Economic Area (the EU member states, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Iceland). And in some cases to Switzerland and Türkiye. Your product may have to meet additional requirements in different countries. It is advisable to check whether this is true for your product before you market it.
3. If the product does not meet the requirements, take immediate action (non-conformity)
Does the product not comply with the product safety requirements? In legal terms, this is known as non-conformity. You may not sell the product. When you find or suspect non-conformity, you must:
- report the product via the EU Safety Gate platform to inform the supervising authorities about the risks
- contact the manufacturer or the importer and ask them to adjust the product so that it does comply with the requirements (conforms)
- inform the supervising authorities about the manufacturer or the importer of the product
- request the technical file from the manufacturer or the importer, if the supervising authorities ask you for it
4. Ensure safe transport and good storage
You must see to it that the product is transported and stored in the correct manner. Is this not done correctly? It may affect the safety of the product and its environment when used for the first time.
Example
You put a product on the market that contains a battery. The product is exposed to moisture during transport, and the battery is tainted (starts to corrode). As a result, the product does not function as it should. The product does not meet the product safety requirements (anymore).
EU countries may have their own rules for the distribution of specific products. For example, to protect the public health. Do you want to find out if specific rules apply to your product? Get free information from the Product Contact Point (PCP).